What is heart disease?
Heart disease includes a number of problems affecting the heart and the blood vessels in the heart. Types of heart disease include:
- Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common type and is the leading cause of heart attacks. When you have CAD, your arteries become hard and narrow. Blood has a hard time getting to the heart, so the heart does not get all the blood it needs. CAD can lead to:
- Angina (an-JEYE-nuh). Angina is chest pain or discomfort that happens when the heart does not get enough blood. It may feel like a pressing or squeezing pain, often in the chest, but sometimes the pain is in the shoulders, arms, neck, jaw, or back. It can also feel like indigestion (upset stomach). Angina is not a heart attack, but having angina means you are more likely to have a heart attack.
- Heart attack. A heart attack occurs when an artery is severely or completely blocked, and the heart does not get the blood it needs for more than 20 minutes.
- Heart failure occurs when the heart is not able to pump blood through the body as well as it should. This means that other organs, which normally get blood from the heart, do not get enough blood. It does not mean that the heart stops. Signs of heart failure include:
- Shortness of breath (feeling like you can’t get enough air)
- Swelling in feet, ankles, and legs
- Extreme tiredness
- Heart arrhythmias (uh-RITH-mee-uhz) are changes in the beat of the heart. Most people have felt dizzy, faint, out of breath or had chest pains at one time. These changes in heartbeat are harmless for most people. As you get older, you are more likely to have arrhythmias. Don’t panic if you have a few flutters or if your heart races once in a while. If you have flutters and other symptoms such as dizziness or shortness of breath, call 911 right away.
What are the risk factors for heart disease
Risk factors for heart disease include:
- Smoking
- High blood pressure (hypertension)
- High cholesterol
- Diabetes
- Family history
- Peripheral artery disease
- Obesity
Classification of heart disease
◆ congenital heart disease
1, the mother early in pregnancy may be due to disease or use of drug-related
2, related to genetic
◆ acquired heart disease
1, coronary heart disease: smoking and diabetes, high blood pressure leading to hardening of the arteries narrow, so that blocked blood flow, easy to myocardial ischemia and damage.
2, hypertension and heart disease: arterial hypertension leading to left ventricular hypertrophy; pulmonary hypertension leading to right ventricular hypertrophy
◆rheumatic heart disease
Chronic rheumatic heart disease after infection, mainly in rheumatic fever, heart valve disease caused by the abnormal progressive
◆ pulmonary heart disease
Due to chronic bronchitis, emphysema leading to pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy or failure in making
◆ Cardiomyopathy
Metabolic or hormonal abnormalities of the heart changes, and sometimes alcohol, drugs may also lead to changes in myocardial
◆ heart tumor
Mostly benign, with myxomas is the most common primary cardiac tumor is rare
◆ vascular lesions
Including high blood pressure caused by the aneurysm, and other immunodeficiency diseases such as vascular abnormalities induced
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