Because the embryo heart was disturbed during the growth process, it cause some parts to stop growth or have flaws, as well as parts that should degenerate are unable to degenerate completely. Read More »
Answer:
There are many things you can do to decrease your risk of developing heart disease. If the artery-clogging process has already begun, you can slow the rate at which it progresses by improving your diet, exercising, quitting smoking, and reducing stress. With very careful lifestyle modification, you can stop or even reverse the narrowing of arteries. While this is very important for everyone with risk factors for the disease, it is even more important if you have had a heart attack and/or procedure to restore blood flow to your heart or other areas of your body.
As we all know, in the cold winter, the onset of coronary heart disease high frequency. Then in the hot summer whether the onset of angina seldom do?
In fact, the thermal environment is likely to cause angina, especially in hot and wet circumstances, the angina attack rate, as if winter was the peak value of the state. This is due to heat and humidity makes the heart rate increased rapidly, stroke output is reduced, combined with hot and humid environment can increase ventricular volume, causing an increase in myocardial oxygen consumption, so that myocardial ischemia and hypoxia, and induce angina.
To this end, coronary heart disease in the hot summer months should pay attention to the following points.
First, exercise training should be conducted in the early morning cooler, avoid exercising in the hot sun. Thunderstorm prior to the arrival of the hot and humid in the circumstances, should pay attention to the appropriate state of rest or keep quiet.
Second, pay attention to summer cooling, the outdoor activities or work should be wearing a visor and supply thereafter, water, and prevent expansion of peripheral blood vessels, blood volume makes the lack of coronary blood flow reduction induced by myocardial ischemia and angina.
Third, there is a history of angina pectoris in patients with preventable medication, such as propranolol, isosorbide dinitrate Danshen tablets and so on, if the travel required to carry nitroglycerin or amyl nitrite and other anti-angina drugs.
One study showed that treatment of angina pectoris drugs can ease some of aspirin, nitroglycerin and other similar drugs cause stomach discomfort. This discovery has important significance for patients with heart disease because they often also taking low-dose aspirin and nitroglycerin or similar drugs.
From the University of Zaragoza, Spain Clinical Hospital led by Dr. Angel Lanas research team conducted a study, they have 1000 patients with bleeding ulcers and more than 2,000 patients hospitalized for other diseases were compared, the results published in the September 21, published in the New England Journal of Medicine. As the researchers expected, the majority of ulcer bleeding in patients hospitalized the week before a small dose of aspirin or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) medication history.
Known NSAIDs can cause stomach irritation and bleeding, so conventional medication arthritis patients are at high risk of stomach ulcers occur. The week before admission, about 11% of ulcers in patients taking low-dose aspirin, 46% of the intake of other types of NSAIDs.
Report notes that, in general, taking low-dose aspirin are two-fold risk of ulcer bleeding, while taking other types of NSAID there are seven times more dangerous. However, while taking nitroglycerin or other similar drugs – Nitro-type vasodilator allows him to ulcer risk reduction 40%.
Nitro class of vasodilators through the generation of nitric oxide (a type of vascular cell signaling molecules) causes the arteries to relaxation. Dr. Lanas study confirms the results of animal experiments to produce nitric oxide to protect NSAID medicines may cause damage.
Some patients with coronary heart disease that is commonly used anti-diarrheal medicine medicine, 3 does not work ate four or even more. As everyone knows, doing so toxins accumulate in the body, but to make the human body to increase the absorption of bacterial toxins, severe infections can lead to toxic shock and even death.
Coronary heart disease is far from the point of anti-diarrheal drugs
Coronary heart disease is far from the point of anti-diarrheal drugs
For many people, suffering from acute gastroenteritis diarrhea, diarrhea, diarrhea medicine, etc. eat their own, and soon will be able to solve the problem. However, these drugs are common in patients with coronary heart disease might be a “killer.”
Experts say, intestinal infection may cause fever, rapid heart rate, tenesmus, defecation and other reaction force, particularly in acute gastroenteritis caused by became very sick and did not think of diet not only increased the burden on the heart in patients with coronary heart disease and myocardial oxygen excess process, compounded by the body water loss, dehydration caused by the blood viscosity and increased the patients with myocardial ischemia is often induced by unstable angina, or even directly lead to acute myocardial infarction.
Some patients with coronary heart disease that is commonly used anti-diarrheal medicine medicine, 3 does not work ate four or even more. As everyone knows, doing so toxins accumulate in the body, but to make the human body to increase the absorption of bacterial toxins, severe infections can lead to toxic shock and even death.
Some patients are also not typical of myocardial infarction onset of epigastric pain, sometimes accompanied by mild diarrhea, enteritis treated in accordance with this moment, if simple, is bound to be adversely affected by illness, lose the best chance to save.
Coronary heart disease treatment for a comprehensive look at!
Treatment of coronary heart disease drugs are many commonly used are:
① nitrate formulations: mainly include nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate, 5 – mononitrate sorbitol, such as long-acting nitroglycerin preparations.
② adrenergic β-receptor blockers (β blockers): commonly used agents are propranolol, oxygen-ene lol, lol, allyl, pindolol, metoprolol, atenolol , nadolol.
③ calcium channel blockers: frequently used formulations are verapamil, nifedipine, diltiazem, nicardipine equality.
④ anti-platelet drugs: such as aspirin, dipyridamole, benzene, sulfur and other sulfur zole.
⑤ adjusted lipid drugs: such as nicotinic acid, pravastatin, lovastatin, simvastatin and so on.
⑥ thrombolytic drugs: such as warfarin, heparin, urokinase, streptokinase and so on.
⑦ traditional Chinese medicine: the blood circulation (used Salvia, safflower, Chuanxiong, Puhuang, turmeric, etc.) and stasis (often combined Pill Su, Su-bing pills, Kuanxiong pills, Paul heart pills, heart-protecting musk balls) most commonly used.
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A clinical-like syndrome:
According to their clinical coronary heart disease-like disease can be divided into five types: 1 angina type: performance as a sternum pressing a sense of nausea after the swelling sense of anxiety associated with significant sustained 3-5 minutes often diverge to the left arm shoulder lower jaw and throat can also radiate into the back of his right arm. Sometimes involving these areas After the area without affecting the breastbone. forcefully emotional catch cold meal such as increase in myocardial oxygen consumption under attack is called angina pectoris with nitroglycerin for rest and ease the sometimes atypical angina pectoris can be expressed as gas-tight syncope Weakness belch, especially in the elderly according to the frequency and severity of attacks are divided into stable angina and unstable angina. stable angina refers to the onset of angina pectoris in January over parts of the frequency of their seizure severity continued to time to onset of labor-inducing size can ease the pain of nitroglycerin dosage is basically stable unstable angina refers to the original stable angina attack frequency increase in the duration of the severity or new onset of exertional angina pectoris ( occurred within 1 month) or when the onset of resting angina with unstable angina pectoris is a precursor of acute myocardial infarction is why, once discovered should be immediately to the hospital. Type 2 myocardial infarction: infarction often occurs about a week before the prodromal symptoms such as resting and mild physical activity during the onset of angina pectoris with obvious discomfort and fatigue infarction presenting with persistent severe oppressive sense of boredom or even a knife-like plug After the pain in the sternum often affect the entire chest to the left as the most important part of the patient can extend his left arm caused by radiation down the left side of the wrist ulnar palm and fingers, tingling and some patients may be radiation to the upper jaw to the left shoulder and neck pain-based site location consistent with previous angina pain, but continued much longer with more emphasis on rest and nitroglycerin does not relieve the performance of upper abdominal pain is sometimes easy to be confused with abdominal disease, irritability accompanied by low-heat, and cold sweat, nausea, sweating vomiting, dizziness, palpitations very weak sense of difficulty in breathing for 30 minutes or more near-death for several hours often find this situation should seek medical attention immediately How the early detection of coronary artery disease? Coronary heart disease is the common diseases and frequently-occurring disease in the elderly in this age group phase of the people in their daily lives if the following conditions must be promptly for medical treatment early detection of coronary artery disease (1) fatigue or mental stress or after sternum when precordial Mentong or contraction-like pain in left shoulder and left upper arm to the radiation lasting 3-5 minutes after the break on their own remission (2) physical activity, chest tightness, palpitation and shortness of breath when at rest on their own remission (3) The emergence and exercise-related leg pain such as headache, toothache (4) eat too much cold or watching a movie thriller palpitations chest pain who (5) night of sleep to feel chest tightness, low pillow suffocating pillow lying side require a high comfort persons; sleeping supine position during the day when a sudden chest pain or palpitations shortness of breath requiring immediate sit or stand can be reduced by (6) sexual life or forceful defecation flustered when shortness of breath or chest pains, chest discomfort (7) heard the noise they were chest tightness caused by flustered (8) recurring pulse arrhythmia of unknown causes too fast or too slow heart rate were For the early detection of coronary heart disease over 40 years of age who regularly do the following test: If the test results are not normal or have other risk factors for susceptibility to coronary heart disease should be one or more times every five years for blood cholesterol tests Blood pressure checks every year to make a A year to make a blood glucose testing If it is a high risk of coronary heart disease should ask the doctor to see if you need to receive ECG if you need further examination will be arranged for a doctor to do an exercise test to measure a fixed pin in the foot car or foot treadmill ECG machine Coronary angiography is the surest method of diagnosis of coronary heart disease 3 silent myocardial ischemic: Many patients have a wide range of coronary artery occlusion did not feel that some patients who had angina pectoris or even myocardial infarction angina when some patients did not feel that the occurrence of sudden cardiac death in heart attack routine physical examination found that before being discovered. some patients with ischemic ECG manifestations because the arrhythmia occurred or because the exercise test positive for coronary angiography being done only to find that such patients are sudden cardiac death and myocardial infarction and angina patients the opportunity to, like it should be Note that usually the heart of the health-care 4 heart failure and arrhythmia type: some patients with angina pectoris after the original lesion due to extensive myocardial fibrosis in a wide range gradually reduced to the disappearance of angina heart failure have occurred in the performance such as air-tight edema, fatigue, etc. There are a variety of arrhythmias manifested as palpitations. There are some patients with angina pectoris has never directly expressed as heart failure and arrhythmias 5 sudden death type: that due to coronary heart disease caused by unpredictable sudden death in patients with acute onset of symptoms occurred within 6 hours after cardiac arrest due to mainly due to myocardial ischemia caused by abnormal electrophysiological activity lead to serious arrhythmia 2. Signs: In general no clear positive signs of early heavy can determined to expand the sector to the left under the first heart sound can be heard when the weakened with arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation with heart failure, and premature beats when the two can be heard under the lungs and wet rales can be heard and the apical gallop, etc. |
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The inventor of BiDil tablets are the University of Minnesota cardiologist Keenboshi. As early as 80 years in the last century, he would try the original two kinds of heart disease in general efficacy of drugs mixed with a certain percentage of patients taking, we found a mixture of taking any of the efficacy of a drug than to be alone a lot better. However, in 1997, FDA rejected this called “BiDil” mix of drugs, because Keenboshi under the auspices of a clinical trial showed the drug on the general sense, the efficacy of mass is not significant in statistical no distinction between science and in placebo.
Keenboshi did not give up, through his analysis of the racial distribution of subjects and found that black patients respond to this drug in patients with significantly better than whites. In June 2001, he again BiDil for a new round of clinical trials, and only in black patients has been conducted. He found a total of 1050 black patients with heart disease, and give half of them were taking BiDil. The results of black patients taking BiDil reduced deaths by nearly half! Out of humanitarian considerations, Keenboshi in the July 2004 initiative to stop the comparative experiment, he let the other half of the original placebo patients taking into worship Dir.
Significant effect in the year after to make BiDil received FDA approval.
If BiDil is aimed at women or children, perhaps no problem, but BiDil is aimed at a particular race happens. Although different people eat different medicine is already a very common medical knowledge, but previously have only been made an issue of gender and age, no one would dare touch the race in this restricted area for fear of being labeled “racial discrimination” label.
The emergence of BiDil in the United States caused an uproar, opponents argue that the emergence of the drug will trigger a new round of discrimination against minorities, as this will prove to be black at the gene level are different from other races, and this point It is the theoretical basis for racist discrimination against blacks.
Racial issues in the United States is a very sensitive topic, any studies on racial issues must first be clear: What is the purpose of the study? There are some scientists working on the intellectual differences between different races, so there is little research to a practical meaning, and secondly, some people with ulterior motives can easily be used as a basis for racial discrimination. There are some scientists working on different race on the prevalence of different diseases, or the same treatment of the different reactions. Although the purpose of such research is to better saving lives, but still met with some opposition. Grounds for objection are: the concept of race is not a science, there is no biological basis.
Computer, these were divided into four large groups
To find out this problem, you must first take a look at the definition of race. Biological taxonomy of all life on the earth was divided into 6 – doors, the key link, eyes, family and genus, species, where “species” is a clear definition of the smallest one. “Planted” Here there are sub-species, varieties, species, and so different sub-groups, but in biology are not very clear on the definition of “race” is one of them. From an evolutionary perspective, the geographical environment factors such as gene flow among different groups, blocking is the main reason for sub-groups, produced, because a group of internally generated variability can not go to another group, so that constant, daily, variation piled up many different groups in the shape and structure will produce measurable differences. This definition in most animals is easy to implement, such as gorillas, can according to the length of body hair and color depth is divided into different sub-species, taxonomists In such a classification will not carry any emotional.
To a human here, the situation becomes complicated. First of all, the ability of movement of animals were stronger than a lot of genetic exchange between human beings but also much broader than the animals. The same exchange within the continent is not said that in recent centuries, Asia, Africa, the Americas and the exchange of genes between the Europeans are becoming increasingly easy, it is becoming increasingly popular, which generated a lot of communication between black people, between the white and yellow of the “hybrid”, such as the North African people, both Africans and Europeans on many of the features, while the Indians is both the characteristics of the three Asia, Africa and Europe, this phenomenon indicates that the human race division no longer clearly divided, but rather form a relatively continuous band, which gives the study of race has brought some difficulties.
Due to the existence of racial discrimination, this historical phenomenon, so that humanity in the face of their own race issues is hard not to somewhat emotional, and even with the demand for the interests of blatant prejudice. The history of the United States there had been such a provision: any point in the blood of black components are classified as black, but as long as blood is not 100% pure, you can not go under the name of the Indians. For whites, the blacks are slaves, of course, the better; while American Indians are indigenous people, had the right to take back their own land, is naturally little as possible. So with an obvious racial divide is clearly discriminatory inequalities, let alone science. In fact, precisely because of ethnicity, the problems arising from making sociologists prefer to use with the language and customs and other cultural factors, including “national (EthnicGroup)” to replace the concept of “race” is a pure biological concepts.
But studied only those who have years of living in one place, the “aboriginal”, their differences at the DNA level is certainly there. This year in February, an anthropologist at Stanford University conducted an anthropological history of the biggest experiment big changes in 326 gene loci on the 3636 volunteers of different races had DNA sequence analysis. They get the data entered into the computer, does not require a computer in advance of these data into several categories, but let the computer based on these data the difference between their own decisions. A result, the computer put them into four major groups, corresponding to blacks, whites, Asians and Hispanics (Hispanics, the United States as a unique refer to all Spaniards and South Americans), accuracy rate of 99.86%! This key experimental results show that the human race is the difference between the level of DNA. Whether called “race” or “ethnic” or, if you do not consider “hybrid” phenomenon, the difference has nothing to do with the strengths and weaknesses.
A point worth noting is that the experimental analysis of the 326 gene loci. If only a few analysis of the case, would not have such an outcome. In fact, as early as 2003, there were several American scientists studied the genetic polymorphism of Alu, they found that if a comprehensive 60 Alu loci polymorphism data, can be 90% accuracy rate in sub-Saharan Africans, Europeans and Asians to distinguish. However, if the study of 100 such Alu polymorphic loci, then the resolution accuracy rate can reach 100%. The study also found that there is no one there is only a particular Alu variation within a race, that is, the distinction between different ethnic groups is not reflected in a number of genes, but several allele frequency differences , that is, inter-ethnic differences are not across the board, but a probability. Many studies have shown that DNA variation within races accounted for the total variation Jiucheng the human race is only one difference between the into.
But even this into a difference enough to cause people of different races have different reactions to certain drugs. 2 Pennsylvania State University professor of anthropology, published in the United States in 2003, “Human Genome Science” magazine on the paper provided by the data show that different ethnic groups the probability of suffering from different diseases are different. For example, the HbS causing hemochromatosis gene, common in sub-Saharan Africans; cause cystic fibrosis, a variant of the CFTR gene ΔF508, is more common in the Nordic populations. Black prostate cancer, breast cancer, the incidence of heart disease and high blood pressure than whites, while the multiple sclerosis, skin cancer, osteoporosis and dementia are more common in white. Asians also have their own “Gate of Life”, coronary heart disease, obesity and non-insulin diabetes mellitus is Asians, “enemies.”
These differences enough to make more and more medical professionals to consider the development of different races for different drugs, which is leading to BiDil came out a reason. In this exploration process, a lot of sober scientists believe that the current classification of different ethnic groups according to treatment is temporary, and only in a deeper level understanding of why people of different races are different and better to do to prescribe the right remedy. For example, there is no BiDil find out why blacks would be good results. Some scientists believe that BiDil increases levels of nitric oxide in the human body, while Nitric oxide is an important molecule to maintain blood vessel elasticity. One study showed that can promote the body produce more nitric oxide in the share of alleles in whites was 60% in blacks, only 30%. Does this mean, precisely for this reason, so that the efficacy of BiDil in black body is more prominent? If this mechanism ultimately proved to be correct, then we need not rely on race and color can be used to determine whether the BiDil, measuring different patients in the blood of nitric oxide on the list.
This shows that the pill’s color really is a question of the right medicine. If you do not register the patient did Keenboshi race, BiDil for black patients may be impossible to show efficacy, there is no apparent efficacy in black patients, also do not cause medical research on this phenomenon more in-depth exploration of a new round of . This may be reflected from one side of the richness of human beings, has nothing to do with the merits of race.
