What’s the link between smoking and heart disease?

Answer:

 

About 30% of all deaths from heart disease in the U.S. are directly related to cigarette smoking. Smoking is a major cause of atherosclerosis.

Among other things, the nicotine present in smoke causes:

  • Decreased oxygen to the heart.

  • Increased blood pressure and heart rate.

  • Increase in blood clotting.

  • Damage to cells that line coronary arteries and other blood vessels, triggering atherosclerosis and heart disease.

U.S. Faces Shortage of Heart Surgeons

THURSDAY, Sept. 10 (HealthDay News) — The United States faces a dire shortage of cardiologists in the coming years, a shortage made even more critical given the increasing demands of a population rapidly growing older and heavier. Read More »

What is heart disease?

Heart disease includes a number of problems affecting the heart and the blood vessels in the heart. Types of heart disease include:

Read More »

What does high blood pressure have to do with heart disease?

    Blood pressure is the force your blood makes against the walls of your arteries. The pressure is highest when your heart pumps blood into your arteries – when it beats. It is lowest between heart beats, when your heart relaxes. A doctor or nurse will write down your blood pressure as the higher number over the lower number. For instance, you could have a blood pressure of 110/70 (read as “110 over 70″). A blood pressure reading below 120/80 is usually considered normal. Very low blood pressure (lower than 90/60) can sometimes be a cause of concern and should be checked out by a doctor.

    High blood pressure, or hypertension, is a blood pressure reading of 140/90 or higher. Years of high blood pressure can damage artery walls, causing them to become stiff and narrow. This includes the arteries carrying blood to the heart. As a result, your heart cannot get the blood it needs to work well. This can cause a heart attack.

   A blood pressure reading of 120/80 to 139/89 is considered prehypertension. This means that you don’t have high blood pressure now but are likely to develop it in the future.

Angina may be fed stays in
       China is a big country manners, when he married, children, birthday, especially in the New Year and other festive day, but always put a banquet. Nearly a full house turned out en masse, then appetite, hearty drink and smoke, now you know that many of angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, or even exactly what occurred in this case.

So, why do they just eat cause angina pectoris? The main reasons are the following:

(1) Basic medical research shows that human meal there after the so-called “food specific dynamic effect”, ie, after each meal the body’s heat production, even in a calm state, strongly increased, meal more pronounced. This means that the human body are markedly increased after a meal increase metabolic oxygen demand of the heart, they have to work to meet the metabolic needs of body and thus, so that the load level of the heart also increased significantly.

(2) after a meal, the body to fully digest and absorb various nutrients, fed on one side of a large number of blood to the gastrointestinal tract, so that the relative decrease in blood supply to other organizations other hand, a significant increase in the secretion of digestive juices, thereby providing the effect on coronary arterial blood.

(3) food, especially the saturated fat meal rise in blood fat levels, blood viscosity increases, which increases blood flow, peripheral vascular resistance, cardiac overload, while the platelet aggregation induced thrombosis risk, slowly guided coronary blockage.

(4) In data, the meal so that more blood pressure decreased significantly, the original high blood pressure, blood pressure, and will continue until approximately 1 hour and returned to fasting levels when accompanied by a large number of drinking and blood pressure more sharply (13. meeting of the World Hypertension meeting, some scientists believe that sank in less than 5 hours after alcohol consumption blood pressure to normal levels) after recovery. If the blood pressure dropped suddenly and significantly, it will affect the coronary perfusion pressure.

(5) friends and family come together, emotions ran high, then the sympathetic nervous agitation, fast heart rate increased, so that oxygen consumption increases the heart muscle.

Briefly, coronary atherosclerosis, based on a combination of these factors that could increase to improve clotting of myocardial oxygen consumption, coronary blood flow reduction in the blood and trigger mechanisms of angina pectoris and even myocardial infarction.

Angina incentives – heat and humidity
      As we all know, in the cold winter, the onset of coronary heart disease high frequency. Then in the hot summer whether the onset of angina seldom do?

     In fact, the thermal environment is likely to cause angina, especially in hot and wet circumstances, the angina attack rate, as if winter was the peak value of the state. This is due to heat and humidity makes the heart rate increased rapidly, stroke output is reduced, combined with hot and humid environment can increase ventricular volume, causing an increase in myocardial oxygen consumption, so that myocardial ischemia and hypoxia, and induce angina.

   To this end, coronary heart disease in the hot summer months should pay attention to the following points.

First, exercise training should be conducted in the early morning cooler, avoid exercising in the hot sun. Thunderstorm prior to the arrival of the hot and humid in the circumstances, should pay attention to the appropriate state of rest or keep quiet.

Second, pay attention to summer cooling, the outdoor activities or work should be wearing a visor and supply thereafter, water, and prevent expansion of peripheral blood vessels, blood volume makes the lack of coronary blood flow reduction induced by myocardial ischemia and angina.

Third, there is a history of angina pectoris in patients with preventable medication, such as propranolol, isosorbide dinitrate Danshen tablets and so on, if the travel required to carry nitroglycerin or amyl nitrite and other anti-angina drugs.

what is Angina caused by?
     The direct factors are likely to produce pain in the case of myocardial ischemia and anoxia in the accumulation of excess pyruvate phosphate metabolites such as lactic acid and other acidic substances; or similar material to stimulate the kinin peptide in the heart autonomic nerve transmission into the fiber endings by a ~ 5 thoracic sympathetic ganglia and the corresponding spinal cord segment transmitted to the brain to produce pain and feeling of this pain is reflected in the spinal cord and autonomic nervous to enter the same level as the distribution segment of the spinal nerves of the skin area that the sternum before the arms and after on both sides with the little finger, especially in the left side of the heart is not in anatomical position and multi-office has been suggested that ischemia in the region rich in nerve supply, abnormal coronary blood vessels can stretch or shrink pain impulse

To be mechanical stimulation to the heart does not cause pain, myocardial ischemia and hypoxia, but the pain is caused when the coronary blood flow and myocardial blood required contradiction between the coronary blood flow can not meet the needs of myocardial metabolism caused by a temporary rapid heart of ischemia and hypoxia that generate angina

The number of myocardial oxygen consumption by the myocardial contraction myocardial tension determined by the intensity and heart rate and therefore popular, “heart rate × systolic blood pressure” (ie, the double product), as indicators of myocardial oxygen consumption is estimated myocardial energy generation require large amounts of oxygen uptake for the myocardial cells of blood oxygen content of 65% to 75% while the uptake of the body while the others only 10% ~ 25% of the normal heart, therefore the absorption of oxygen in the blood is close to the maximum amount of oxygen required to increase further when more difficult from the uptake of oxygen in the blood is only be able to rely on to increase coronary blood flow to provide under normal circumstances, coronary circulation have great reserves of strength of the blood flow to the body’s physiological conditions with significant changes; the intense physical activities, expansion of coronary blood flow may be appropriate to break the 6 ~ 7-fold expansion of hypoxia also makes coronary artery blood flow 4 ~ 5 times Erzhi atherosclerotic coronary artery stenosis or occlusion of some branches when the weakening of its expansionary and reduced blood flow to the myocardium for the blood are relatively fixed, such as reduced myocardial blood supply to the heart usually able to cope with the needs of the rest can be asymptomatic if a sudden increase in cardiac load, such as left ventricular failure such as fatigue excited to myocardial tension increased (cardiac chamber volume to increase ventricular end-diastolic pressure increased) to increase myocardial contractility (systolic blood pressure increased ventricular pressure curve of the maximum pressure to increase the rate of change over time), and increased heart rate and fast Erzhi increased myocardial oxygen consumption increased demand for myocardial blood; or when the coronary artery spasm (eg, humoral regulation of excessive smoke or neurological disorder) is to further reduce coronary blood flow; or in a sudden decrease in blood flow circumstances (such as extreme shock, tachycardia, etc.); heart’s blood supply and demand will intensify the conflict between the heart’s blood supply gradually less severe anemia in patients with angina caused by myocardial blood flow while not reducing the case may be due to reduced blood oxygen-carrying red blood cells caused by insufficient Angina

In most cases, exertion-induced angina often the same “heart rate × systolic blood pressure” value occurs on the level of

Myocarditis should be how is it treated?
Bed rest should be to reduce the tissue damage associated with cardiac arrhythmia lesions speed recovery, should stay in bed for 2-4 weeks and then gradually increase the volume of activity associated with severe myocarditis enlargement of the heart should rest for 6 months to a year until the clinical symptoms disappeared completely restored cardiac size normal immune inhibitors: application of the hormone, but there is controversy associated with severe myocarditis, cardiogenic shock, atrioventricular block cardiac dysfunction may hormone
Common prednisone 40-60mg / day reduction condition improved gradually after a course of six weeks, when necessary, can also be used hydrocortisone pine or ground Cesson heart failure who used intravenous diuretic vasodilator cardiac arrhythmias are the same general rhythm the treatment of disorders
Aspirin side effects of anti-heart disease drugs are available
     One study showed that treatment of angina pectoris drugs can ease some of aspirin, nitroglycerin and other similar drugs cause stomach discomfort. This discovery has important significance for patients with heart disease because they often also taking low-dose aspirin and nitroglycerin or similar drugs.

    From the University of Zaragoza, Spain Clinical Hospital led by Dr. Angel Lanas research team conducted a study, they have 1000 patients with bleeding ulcers and more than 2,000 patients hospitalized for other diseases were compared, the results published in the September 21, published in the New England Journal of Medicine. As the researchers expected, the majority of ulcer bleeding in patients hospitalized the week before a small dose of aspirin or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) medication history.

     Known NSAIDs can cause stomach irritation and bleeding, so conventional medication arthritis patients are at high risk of stomach ulcers occur. The week before admission, about 11% of ulcers in patients taking low-dose aspirin, 46% of the intake of other types of NSAIDs.

      Report notes that, in general, taking low-dose aspirin are two-fold risk of ulcer bleeding, while taking other types of NSAID there are seven times more dangerous. However, while taking nitroglycerin or other similar drugs – Nitro-type vasodilator allows him to ulcer risk reduction 40%.

   Nitro class of vasodilators through the generation of nitric oxide (a type of vascular cell signaling molecules) causes the arteries to relaxation. Dr. Lanas study confirms the results of animal experiments to produce nitric oxide to protect NSAID medicines may cause damage.

Coronary heart disease is far from the point of anti-diarrheal drugs
Some patients with coronary heart disease that is commonly used anti-diarrheal medicine medicine, 3 does not work ate four or even more. As everyone knows, doing so toxins accumulate in the body, but to make the human body to increase the absorption of bacterial toxins, severe infections can lead to toxic shock and even death.
Coronary heart disease is far from the point of anti-diarrheal drugs

For many people, suffering from acute gastroenteritis diarrhea, diarrhea, diarrhea medicine, etc. eat their own, and soon will be able to solve the problem. However, these drugs are common in patients with coronary heart disease might be a “killer.”

Experts say, intestinal infection may cause fever, rapid heart rate, tenesmus, defecation and other reaction force, particularly in acute gastroenteritis caused by became very sick and did not think of diet not only increased the burden on the heart in patients with coronary heart disease and myocardial oxygen excess process, compounded by the body water loss, dehydration caused by the blood viscosity and increased the patients with myocardial ischemia is often induced by unstable angina, or even directly lead to acute myocardial infarction.

Some patients with coronary heart disease that is commonly used anti-diarrheal medicine medicine, 3 does not work ate four or even more. As everyone knows, doing so toxins accumulate in the body, but to make the human body to increase the absorption of bacterial toxins, severe infections can lead to toxic shock and even death.

Some patients are also not typical of myocardial infarction onset of epigastric pain, sometimes accompanied by mild diarrhea, enteritis treated in accordance with this moment, if simple, is bound to be adversely affected by illness, lose the best chance to save.

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